Germany (D), Switzerland (CH) and Austria (A)
Work Safety
RSR Management for industrial products, installations and processes is now in a transition phase towards a risk-informed, quantitative, probabilistic approach. The traditional deterministic approach is still in use. The risk-informed approach is an advanced extension and follows the international trend.
Considering the regulatory requirements and best practice in the various industrial sectors (e.g. Transport Systems, Motor Car Manufacturing, Chemical/Process Industry, Power Plants, Medical Equipment, Civil Engineering and Consumer Products) one can realize significant differences in understanding and utilization of the advanced probabilistic approach.
Various technical “EC-Directives” issued by the European Commission, the international guidelines and norms (e.g. ISO, IEC, EN, DIN), and the normally substituting DIN norms for Germany are playing the role to steer and to harmonize the advanced risk-informed approach.
Significant Regulatory Requirements for RSR Management D, CH and A
Regulatory Requirement
Main RSR Issue / Task
Concerned Industry
Arbeitsschutzgesetz (ArbSchG) (Worker Safety and Hazard Prevention Law)
Gefährdungsbeurteilung und Gefahrenvorsorge (Hazard Identification and Prevention)
All Type of Industry
Atomgesetz (AtG) Atom Law
Sicherheitsbericht (Safety Report); Probabilistische Sicherheitsanalyse (PSA)
Nuclear Industry, Nuclear Power Plant Operators
Bahnanwendungen von RAMS(EN 50126, EN50128, EN 50129)(Railway Applications of RAMS)
RAMS Management
Railway Operators and Systems Manufacturer
BImschG / Störfallverordnung (StfV2000)(Accident Obligation)
Sicherheitsbericht, Risiko Management, PAAG Verfahren (Safety Report, Risk Management, HAZOP)
Chemical / Process Industry
CE Kennzeichnung (CE Declaration)
Gefahrenanalyse (Hazard Analysis)
Druckbehälterrichtlinie (87/404/EWG)(Pressure Vessel Directive)
Gefahrenanalyse (Hazard Analysis)
All Type of Industry using Pressure Vessels
Druckgeräterichtlinie (97/23/EG)(Pressure Equipment Directive)
Gefahrenanalyse (Hazard Analysis)
All Type of Industry using Pressure Equipments
Elektrische / elektronische / programmierbare Systeme (EN 61508)(Electrical / electronic / programmable Systems)
SIL Nachweis (Safety Integrity Level (SIL) conformity)
All Type of Industry using electrical/electronic Safety Systems
Gefahrstoffverordnung (GefStoffV)(Hazardous Material Ordinance)
Gefährdungsbeurteilung und Gefahrenvorsorge
All Type of Industries using hazardous material
Geräte- und Produktsicherheitsgesetz (GPSG) (Equipment Safety Law)
Gefährdungsbeurteilung und Gefahrenanalyse
All type of industries manufacturing products
International FAA Reg. Guides and JAR 25 Requirements
Probabilistic Safety Goals and Risk Management
Aviation industry
Maschinenrichtlinie (98/37/EG) Maschinenverordnung 9. GSGV (Machinery Directive)
Gefahrenanalyse (Hazard Analysis)
Machinery manufacturer
Medizinische Produkte (DIN EN ISO 14971) (Medical Products)
Risiko Management (Risk Management)
Medical product manufacturer
Produkthaftungsgesetz (ProdHaftG) (Product Liability Law)
Gefahrenanalyse; Gebrauchsanweisung (Hazard Analysis, User Information
All type of industry
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Leitsätze zur Risikobeurteilung (EN 1050) Safety of Machinery - Guidelines for Risk Assessment
Leitsätze zum Risiko Management (Guidelines for Risk Management)
All type of industry
Various MIL Standards (USA) and Defense (UK) Standards
RAMS Management
Defense industry
Zuverlässigkeitsmanagement Dependability Management (IEC 60300 ff)
RAMS Management
All type of industry
Conclusions Valid for D, A, CH
The need of Reliability, Safety and Risk (RSR) Management is pinpointed in many regulatory requirements in Germany.
This is valid also in the German speaking countries of Germany, Austria and Switzerland because the country specific regulatory requirements are similar and headed normally by “Directives” issued by the European Commission (EC)
Procedures and methodologies are codified often very vague.
The real performance can differ in the various states (Länder) caused by some different engineering interpretation of obligation and guideline statements.
RSR experts in some industrial sectors are really not well informed about the requirements and the best practice in their neighborhood industries.
“Best Practice” for RSR Management is in the hands of a few experts in the field.
In some industries one can realise a sort of competition between deterministic (qualitative) and probabilistic (quantitative) RSR Management.
The advanced probabilistic (quantitative) RSR Management is not fully understood everywhere in industry and the licensing authorities.
